Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are networks of distributed autonomous devices that can sense or monitor physical or environmental conditions cooperatively. WSNs face many challenges, mainly caused by communication failures, storage and computational constraints and limited power supply. Paradigms of computational intelligence (CI) have been successfully used in recent years to address various challenges such as data aggregation and fusion, energy aware routing, task scheduling, security, optimal deployment and localization. CI provides adaptive mechanisms that exhibit intelligent behavior in complex and dynamic environments like WSNs. CI brings about flexibility, autonomous behavior, and robustness against topology changes, communication failures and scenario changes.
However, WSN developers are usually not or not completely aware of the potential CI algorithms offer. On the other side, CI researchers are not familiar with all real problems and subtle requirements of WSNs. This mismatch makes collaboration and development difficult. This paper intends to close this gap and foster collaboration by offering a detailed introduction to WSNs and their properties. An extensive survey of CI applications to various problems in WSNs from various research areas and publication venues is presented in the paper. Besides, a discussion on advantages and disadvantages of CI algorithms over traditional WSN solutions is offered. In addition, a general evaluation of CI algorithms is presented, which will serve as a guide for using CI algorithms for WSNs.
The design uses a wireless sensor network as information acquisition and processing platform. The coverage is big, effectively resolves the disadvantages of wired communications. Adopting the technology of wireless sensor network based on Zigbee, GPRS and Web Services technology, we design a set of low cost, low power consumption, flexible automatic networking temperature humidity monitoring system of soil. And the system is a complete set of wireless sensor network induction, acquisition, storage, application, reporting, solution, has a good man-computer exchange interface. Through commissioning in the demonstration base of soybean in Northeast Agricultural University, it shows that the system can meet the requirements of the temperature and humidity of soil environmental monitoring and unified management.
Remote Monitoring, Control and intelligent is one of the most important criteria for maximizing production and process plant availability. With the development of modern industry, the requirement for industrial monitoring system is getting higher. System is required to be able to acquire, save, analyze, and process real time data. It is also required controlling related instruments to change those environment factors and monitoring in long distance so that it realizes modern, intelligent, and accurate control. Above advantages will achieve by the substitution of embedded ARM processor for single chip method to realize data acquisition and control (DACS). This DACS system measures the remote signals and controls the remote devices through reliable protocols and communication network as a web server.
Wireless power transfer (WPT) is emerging as a practical means for electric vehicle (EV) charging. Of the three main approaches to WPT, resonant inductive, inductive, and capacitive coupling, capacitive power transfer (CPT) is proposed herein to charge an EV at a kilowatt scale power level. CPT implementation replaces copper coils and ferrous core focusing/shield materials of inductive approaches with foil surfaces making CPT cost effective and structurally simple to implement, while maintaining efficient power transfer capability. This paper addresses each facet of kilowatt scale CPT system development, namely achieving high coupling capacitance between the vehicle and charging station and the associated drive power electronics. High capacitive coupling is achieved through a conformal (flexible and compressive) foam transmitter bumper that molds and contours itself to the vehicle to minimize air gap during charging. An experimental docking station to charge a Corbin Sparrow EV 156V battery pack was built and measured throughput power is demonstrated at >1kW with a coupling capacitance of 10nF operating at 540kHz
The paper describes the automatic irrigation system using the Arduino microcontroller with grove moisture sensor and water flow sensor. The communication will be established using the Zigbee protocol and the control will be sent based on the moisture level of the soil using Arduino microcontroller. The two xbee radios's used in the network will be treated as master and slave in combination with the Arduino microcontroller. Here when a particular moisture level is reached, depending on the value of the moisture level water flow will be allowed in the pipe and the flow range, water pressure will be updated along with the time in a database and also displayed in the web portal. The owner of the agricultural field can anytime check the moisture level and the motor status. The motor's functionality status will also be a sent to the farmer's mobile using GSM.
Pollution in water deposits is a great health issue. Portable devices installed in water deposits to form a real time, pollution monitoring system would be of great help. Research has demonstrated the use of dielectrophoresis (DEP) where particle manipulation is required. A portable, programmable device for manipulating pollutant particles has been developed, so data or images of samples can be analyzed, transmitted and stored. The system has a signal generator for electrical stimulation, a microfluidic device, a particle detection sub-system, and a data transmitter. It can be programmed to manipulate a specific type of particles and transmit resulting data or image. A portable prototype is achieved, which can be installed in any water deposit and programmed to perform regular fluid samples and analysis, to maintain a web-based, real time data center.
In this paper, we propose a fuzzy chip controller for an intelligent sun tracking system. The integrated circuits used can be incorporated into a single 8051 chip. The intelligent system designed consists of the chip in conjunction with peripheral detection circuits. The system operates fully automatically in capricious environments. Errors that are typically caused by weather variations, or the ambient environment, do not require consideration. In addition, fuzzy theory is utilized to determine whether an angle adjustment is required when charging the lead acid battery using solar energy. The proposed design effectively reduces the number of times the motor is used.The application of database theory to relate the elevation and horizontal angles of the solar battery achieves optimum charging impact by ensuring the solar battery is perpendicular to the solar source.
In this advancing era of technology we are more concerned about the advancements made in technology rather than thinking upon the alternative sources of energy. Energy costs and decreasing supplies of fossil fuels, emphasis on protecting the environment and creating sustainable forms of society. Since, as solar energy which is also considered a renewable form of energy can be used to offset some of the power coming from the main grid that is generated by let us say nonrenewable sources of energy. And creating these renewable sources in such a way that these provide us with the maximum efficiency is our main goal. This paper proposes a solar tracking system designed with microcontroller and Idr's that will actively track the sun and change its position accordingly to maximize the energy output. The Idr's incorporated on solar panel helps to detect sunlight which in turn moves the panel accordingly
In this paper a low voltage, low cost & high efficiency based solar maximum power point tracking system for green house applications is presented. The main controlling element is the micro controller programme in c language in order to extract maximum solar power point. In addition we use buck converter for MPPT. Further this maximum power is utilized to drive pumps and fans of greenhouse Keywords: Maximum Power Point Tracking, Green House, and Microcontroller.
This paper presents the performance analysis of dual axis solar tracking system using Arduino. The ultimate objective of this project is to investigate whether static solar panel is better than solar tracker, or the opposite. This project is divided into two stages namely, hardware and software development. In hardware development, five light dependent resistors (LDR) were utilized to capture the maximum light source from the sun. Two servo motors also were employed to move the solar panel to maximum light source location sensed by the LDRs. As for the software part, the code was constructed by using C programming language and was targeted to the Arduino UNO controller. The performance of the solar tracker was analyzed and compared with the static solar panel and the result showed that the solar tracker is better than the static solar panel in terms of voltage, current and power.